Reviews (2)

Records of beauty of a lost world
In conjunction with the show at The Brooklyn Museum of Art this Winter, Rizzoli has published the photos by the Russian photographer, David Goberman, aged 88, which he took from the 1930s through the 1960s of Jewishgravestones. The photos document the vanishing art of stone carvers andhighlights themes of folk art and spiritual belief. The photos also providea timeless record of Jewish tradition in the Ukraine and Moldova.Intricately carved motifs include crowns of the Torah, signs of the Kohanim(split fingers), birds, fallen fruit, a single candle, a broken tree andthree small chicks (for the mother who dies leaving three young children),fish, deer, unicorns, bear, lions, and fighting lions. Those with menorahs,grapes and water jugs usually represented Levites. Peacocks representparadise. An excellent book to cherish and learn from.

Jewish Folk Art in Stone
There are over 100 photographs of tombstones from Jewish towns (shtetls) in Ukraine and Moldova taken by a Russian photographer surreptitiously during the 1950's and 1960's in the Soviet Union. The images range from lions and dragons to seahorses and rabbits -- Jewish stonecarvers used thestones for artistic expression, as well as text to describe the deceased(translated in detail on many stones).The book was published to coincidewith an exhibit at the Brooklyn Museum that opens on January 13 and runsthrough April.Many of the stones shown here were torn up during theStalin regime and used to make factory steps or fish ponds, so this is theonly historical record. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Art    2. Collections, Catalogs, Exhibitions - Museum    3. Folk & Outsider Art    4. Jewish art and symbolism    5. Moldova    6. Photography    7. Sepulchral monuments    8. Subjects & Themes - Travel - World/Europe    9. Themes, motives    10. Ukraine    11. Art / History / General    12. Carving & carvings    13. History Of Art / Art & Design Styles    14. Jewish    15. Jews    16. Russia   

Reviews (1)

A welcome contribution to world history shelves
Author and historian Serhii Pokhy presents Unmaking Imperial Russia, an examination of the framework in which Russian history in general and Ukrainian history in particular is viewed. In particular, the work of Ukrainian historian Mykhailo Hrushevsky (1866-1934) is closely scrutinized, as Hrushevsky, who became the first head of the independent Ukrainian state in 1918, dared to challenge the "all-Russian" historical paradigm and create a history that nationalized the Ukraine's past. Drawing upon both present-day and Hrushevsky's amassed knowledge of linguistics, anthropology, ethnology, and archaeology, Unmaking Imperial Russia strives to give a more accurate and in-depth understanding of Ukraine history, and specifically expose misconceptions brought about by over-reliance on the "Imperial Russia" history model. Unmaking Imperial Russia is therefore one step removed from a standard history text, as it strives to reexamine popularly held lessons of history and draw new conclusions about and from the past. A welcome contribution to world history shelves.
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Subjects:  1. 1866-1934    2. Biography    3. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    4. General    5. Historians    6. History    7. History - General History    8. History: World    9. Hruésevâskiæj, Mihaæjlo,    10. Statesmen    11. Ukraine    12. European history (ie other than Britain & Ireland)    13. History / Russia (pre- & post-Soviet Union)   

Reviews (4)

Rubbish
Another example of anti-Ukrainian propaganda, once very popular in pro-Soviet circles and amongst their adherents in the West. The Soviets are now gone, hurrah, but their fellow travellers are, alas, still with us. Serious scholarship demonstrates that Ukraine lost more of its people than any other nation in Nazi occupied Europe (to say nothing about losses a decade earlier, during the genocidal Great Famine of 1932-33). Among the millions enslaved or mudered by the Nazis were many Ukrainian nationalists of the OUN and UPA, more than a few of whom were destroyed in the infamous concentration camps, like Auschwitz. Indeed the two brothers of Stepan Bandera, the OUN leader, both died there. The Ukrainian nationalists were not pro-Nazi, although there are obviously still those who would like the world to think that.

A pure fabrication by an anti-Ukrainian author.
Mr. Sabrin's book is nothing more than a fabrication of "historical" events.His sources for the book come entirely from the Soviet Ministry of Information and the KGB. Sadly, the book's purpose is indeed to exaggerate and inflame any differences between Jews and Ukrainians. Mr. Sabrin and the authors like him have few adherents in the post-Soviet era.

Soviet Dezinformatsia
Here is a most distinct sloppy and truly un reserched work on the issue of collaboration in Central and Eastern Europe. The author's reliance on KGB provided docuentation make one wonder what the purposes realy was in writting this "work". Purpose of the work seems to have been the inflamation of unfounded animosity of Ukrainians and Jews. A comparative study on the collaboration of other nations with the Nazi's vis-a-vis Jews would reveal that French and Polish and Czech collaboration lead to a much more significant toll on the Jewish population in those occupied territories than in Nazi occupied Ukraine. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Antisemitism    2. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    3. General    4. Germany - History - Third Reich (1933-1945)    5. History: World    6. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)    7. Jews    8. Persecutions    9. Personal narratives    10. Sociology    11. Ukraine   

Reviews (9)

"THE" book of reference to own aboutBALACLAVA.
I've long been interested in the Crimean War, and the performance of the armies involved. I even had the pluck to write a GUIDE about it!
HISTORICAL DETECTIVE WORK
Mark Adkin's THE CHARGE is a relatively recent book (1996) and seeks to explain why the Crimean War blunder was made that led to perhaps the most famous cavalry charge in history, immortalized by Tennyson's poem. Besides standard time-space analysis and you-were-there personal accounts, Mr. Adkin introduces the element of topography and what can be seen from where which influenced decision-making at the moment. This is the sort of historical detective work that should be applauded and I liken it to plotting the location of shell casings found at the Custer battlefield site to infer cavalry troop movements. I used THE CHARGE as a reference to develop a computer game and found it invaluable. It has order of battle for the armies involved and maps that locate units at certain times. I recommend this book for any student of military history interested in finding out why decisions were made as well as an excellent account of the battle.

Not Romantic History, Real History
The Charge is the story of Balaclava as a military historian tells it. This is a breath of fresh air, as most books are written by literary people, who, while they do a great job of telling the story, don't give "the reason why." This book does that, and more. Instead of writing off the tragedy to the errors of Lucan and Cardigan, like Woodham-Smith, he lays the blame at the feet of Lord Raglan, and his aide Captain Nolan. It also bares some of the myths of the charge, giving casualty figures that, when compared to say Pickett's Charge, seem remarkably mild. I would definitely recommend this book to anyone interested in the Crimean War, or the British army. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Balaklava, Battle of, Balaklava, Ukraine, 1854    2. Europe - Great Britain - General    3. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    4. History - Military / War    5. History: World    6. Military - General    7. Military History - Modern    8. Christian theology    9. Europe    10. European history (ie other than Britain & Ireland)   

Subjects:  1. 19th century    2. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    3. Hasidim    4. History    5. History Of Jews    6. History: World    7. Jews    8. Judaism - General    9. Persecutions    10. Printing, Hebrew    11. Religion - Judaism    12. Slavuta    13. Ukraine    14. European history: c 1750 to c 1900    15. Jewish studies    16. Political oppression & persecution    17. Religion / Judaism / General    18. Russia    19. c 1800 to c 1900   

Reviews (9)

A good overview, but the conclusions conflict with evidence
While I believe that this book is a must-read insofar as gaining an understanding of Khazaria goes, I do not believe, as the author contends, that this population survived in the numbers that he suggests.Most recent Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome mapping work that has been done on Ashkenazi Jews suggests that the overwhelming majority of the progenitors of this population were middle-eastern in origin.The rest of the genome suggests that an intermarriage and conversion rate that could not have been more than one percent per generation.A mass influx of survivors from the fall of the Khazarian empire just doesn't fit into the genetic picture.
Extremely Interesting
Being turkish myself, I have always found the friendship between jews and turks very warm and interesting (and many of my friends are jewish). I knew the Ottoman Empire accepted 150.000 jews during Sultan Suleyman (Solomon) II in 1492 - when Spain chose to expel them - and that modern Turkey has close military ties with Israel; but never in my wildest dreams would I have thought than an entire Turkish kingdom converted to Judaism and allowed jews from all over the world to settle and build a strong kingdom. What a fascinating and extraordinary positive event!
Excellent
Brook does an excellent job in broaching this topic that many have attempted before him, and I'm sure many will attempt after. Considering how little is known about Khazaria, how much history has been either censored or re-written by the former Soviet Union, and the relatively sparse amount of archaelogical work that has been conducted in the region, Brook brings much information to light, detailing the tribal and linguistic origins of the Khazars. In comparison with Koestler's "The Thirteenth Tribe," Brook's work is more about presenting facts than coming to conclusions.Read more

Subjects:  1. Ethnic relations    2. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    3. History    4. History - General History    5. History Of Jews    6. History: World    7. Jewish - General    8. Jews    9. Khazars    10. Medieval    11. Russia    12. Eastern Europe    13. Jewish studies    14. Religion / Judaism / General    15. Ukraine    16. Crimea    17. Caucasus, Northern   

Reviews (1)

A stand-out among Holocaust memoirs
Fanya Gottesfeld-Heller recounts her girlhood years as a Jew during World War II, spent in increasing poverty and restriction and in the midst of horrid cruelties. Born in the shetl of Skala in Poland, in what is now Ukrania, Mrs. Heller was 15 when, in the middle of the night, the Germans arrived to round up the town's Jews. Any Jews captured were herded out of the town, forced to dig their own graves, and shot--among them, Mrs. Heller's grandparents. Her grandfather, first one in the family captured by the Germans, led them to the hiding place of his wife, among others, in the hope of saving his own life, but was forced to watch their deaths and then killed.Mrs. Heller survived because her adored father had constructed a hideaway for their large family. But that night began four years of increasing privation: near-starvation, the desperate search for someplace to hide or someone to hide them, loss of family members, grotesque cruelties by the villagers. Mrs. Heller's admirer, Jan, a Gentile carpenter, first hid her at his house, then arranged with a former employee of Mr. Gottesfeld for the immediate family of four to be hidden at a farm. Their food and their accomodations became increasingly restricted, until they spent several months in a space behind the chicken coop, so small that if one moved, all had to move; they starved, lying in their feces and covered with lice. Mrs. Heller also recounts the story of her developing love for Jan, and the strange turns that war brought to that love.Mrs. Heller writes beautifully. The engrossing story moves quickly, but retains the details and descriptions that vividly portray the shtetl, her family and their saviors, and the extreme privations they suffered. She is unstinting in her portrayals of wartime, telling us the worst as well as the best; but all of it in a matter-of-fact way. It was a privilege to read this book and spend a little time with this remarkable woman. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Biography    2. Biography / Autobiography    3. Biography/Autobiography    4. Heller, Fanya Gottesfeld    5. Historical - Holocaust    6. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)    7. Jewish Holocaust Personal Narratives    8. Jewish girls    9. Jews    10. Personal narratives    11. Skala-Podilska    12. Skala-Podil§s§ka    13. Ukraine    14. Jewish studies    15. Oral history    16. The Holocaust   

Subjects:  1. 19th century    2. Army    3. Balaklava, Battle of, Balaklav    4. Balaklava, Battle of, Balaklava, Ukraine, 1854    5. Cavalry    6. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    7. Great Britain    8. Great Britain.    9. History    10. History - Military / War    11. Military    12. Military - General    13. History / Military / General    14. Warfare & Defence   

Subjects:  1. Archival Materials (Library Science)    2. Archival materials    3. Archival resources    4. Eastern Europe - General    5. Former Soviet Republics - History - Post Cold War (1991-)    6. History - General History    7. Language Arts & Disciplines    8. Library & Information Science    9. Sociology    10. Ukraine    11. Libraries & information centres    12. Non-book materials in libraries & archives    13. Social Science / Ethnic Studies    14. World history: from c 1900 -   

Reviews (2)

A must read for anyone interested in Polish/Russian history
English language scholarship on Polish or Russian history tends to fly past the diplomatic and cultural exchanges of the late 17th century; preferring instead to focus on domestic reforms or foreign military victories. This book, fortunately, doesn't, instead spending time detailing the political and bureaucratic systems of each state, personalities, and intrigues during the reign of Jan Sobieski. The chapter on the unusual Solomon Affair is the best treatment in English of which I'm aware. Kaminski also advances a novel (and very plausible) theory to explain the bizarre behavior of just about everyone during the affair, though I'm not entirely convinced by it. Also interesting are the allusions to popular political philosophers of the period and their influence on the ordering of the Polish government. excellent
Professor Kaminski's book is an excellent, original, based on primary research comparison of Polisha nd Russian diplomatic services. It challenges many prevalant stereotypes and brings new light on the approach of these two rivals to each other at the end of the 17th century. Brilliant!!! ... Read more

Subjects:  1. 1572-1763    2. 1689-1725    3. Eastern Europe - General    4. Foreign Relations    5. History & Theory - General    6. History - General History    7. History: World    8. Modern - 17th Century    9. Poland    10. Russia    11. Diplomacy    12. European history: c 1500 to c 1750    13. History / Baltic States    14. Lithuania    15. Political structure & processes    16. c 1600 to c 1700   

Subjects:  1. 1991-    2. Foreign relations    3. International Relations - General    4. Political Science    5. Politics - Current Events    6. Politics / Current Events    7. Politics/International Relations    8. Russia (Federation)    9. Ukraine    10. European history: postwar, from c 1945 -    11. International relations    12. Political Science / International Relations    13. Russia    14. c 1990 to c 2000   

Subjects:  1. Ancient - General    2. Eastern Europe - General    3. Europe - Former Soviet Republics    4. History    5. History: World   

Editorial Review

A book that is as distinct as it is complex,

Reviews (3)

amazing account of a family and it's history!
I have been searching for this book for several years and I have finally found it(I forgot the title so it's been a long search)!I read it years ago and was moved to tears many times. Ms. Salamon describes her mothers history in such a way that you feel like you were right there with her. You can feel her joy and her pain. You get to know her before the war touched her life and all the way through her move to America and the start of her family. This was the only book I have ever read that I could not put down! It's unbelievably good!

Net of Wonders
Julie Salamon is a friend and a person I respect mightily, so I am not exactly objective. Nevertheless, I found her discovery of her family's history--and her trip to the death camps with her mother--remarkable and socompelling that I was unable to put it down. I read the book in 1996 andthough I buy, read and donate hundreds of books a year, this one remains inour library. It will be a good resource for our children as they learn ofthe effects of the Holocaust on us all--and of human ability to overcomehorrors. Alyssa A. Lappen

Moving story of inspiring Holocaust survivors
This is the most moving story of Holocaust survivors that I have ever read.While it does a great job describing author's parents' experiences in concentration camps, what makes it unique is its ability to also show how victims of that horror were able to put their lives back together and not be defeated by it.I also was moved by the author's own journey of discovery about her parents and who they were, aside from their identity as Survivors.All of us, I think, would relish the opportunity to really know who their parents are ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Biography    2. History: World    3. Holocaust survivors    4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)    5. Jewish Holocaust    6. Jews    7. Khust    8. Social History    9. Social life and customs    10. Ukraine    11. United States    12. History / General    13. Salamon, Julie   

Reviews (14)

Bitter truth about UPA child murders finally revealed
The story of Polish civilians of Wolyn massacred by UPA-OUN Nazis finally see the light... In contrary to what's been said here by UPA-OUN apologists the book by Piotrowski is not one-sided. I don't know, but Ukrainians probably expected reaching out to the times ofby Polish nobility like Jarema Wisniowiecki in 17th century to show Poles were guilty of bad deeds too, but hey - folks this book is placed in WW2 times, and it's not about history of Ukraine.
Very interesting
This book tells us about a well hidden secret that Ukrainian historians tried to suppress for a long time. And they had plenty of allies in doing this. Today, there are no Polish village communities in Wolyn and East Galicia (Ukraine), in opposition to numerous Polish communities in Belarus and Lithuania which exist. Piotrowski explains why this is so. All because of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists, organisations that orchestrated a genocidal campaign to wipe out the Poles of Wolyn and East Galicia. Interestingly enough, it was not even Stalin that destroyed completely the Poles of Wolyn. Despite expulsions from Belarus, Poles survived there. In Ukraine, specifically in Wolyn and East Galicia, the Poles were largely murdered in their homes and later the Soviet expulsion was accompanied by the OUN-UPA terror in the form of collective murders in order to force the remnants of the Polish community from the territory.

More of the same, decades later
Obviously those who had contributed to this review section are largely Poles and take a rather chauvinistic perspective on the region they refer to as Southeastern Poland or Eastern Poland, where, by all serious demographic accounts, Poles were a minority, in effect a colonial occupation comprised of administrators, colonists and their security services. Their prewar anti-Ukrainian biases and attempts at assimilating or suppressing the Ukrainian nation are likewise well documented. Unsurprisingly, following their defeat by Nazi Germany and the allied Soviets, the Polish population found itself in a rather uncomfortable position, that of being oppressed (alongside Jews, Ukrainians and others throughout occupied Europe) instead of masters. When the war turned against the Nazis, thankfully, some Poles attempted to retake territories that were never theirs to begin with, setting off an undeniably brutal war between a Ukrainian national liberation movement and the representatives of a Polish regime that had failed as of 1939. That some sought to rebuild what was long lost, in Poland proper and everywhere else, (save in the remnants of the Polish diaspora, which has now all but sputtered out)is true. Their actions spawned the resulting warfare, which was brutal. Both sides committed atrocities, forced populatons to flee, burned churches, villages, and massacred ordinary non combatants. This book takes a very one sided view of these horrors and so finds favour with Polish readers. It does represent a very partial understanding of what happened and, in this respect, is useful as an example of biased scholarship. It is not the whole story, nor a fair rendering and truly is more of a propaganda piece than anything else. Thankfully, in today's Ukraine and in today's Poland, this unhappy episode is remembered but is not stoked for purposes of revenge; the two nations have reconciled, and that is for the good. Go to western Ukraine and you will find rebuilt churches for the Roman Catholics, new synagogues, freedom of religion and ethnic tolerance. Go to Ukrainian lands seized after the Second World War by the Poles and you find ruins, no effort to rebuild or even admit what happened. This book contributes nothing toward understanding, it only mutters, very one sidedly, about what one Pole wants the world to believe about his side's innocence and the other side's villainy. No worth buying. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. 20th century    2. Atrocities    3. Europe - General    4. History    5. History - Military / War    6. History: World    7. Military - World War II    8. Poles    9. Ukraine    10. Volhynia    11. World - General    12. World War, 1939-1945    13. Eastern Europe    14. European history: Second World War    15. Genocide    16. Second World War, 1939-1945    17. World history: Second World War   

Subjects:  1. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    2. History    3. History - General History    4. History: World    5. Belarus (Belorussia)    6. European history (ie other than Britain & Ireland)    7. European studies    8. History / Russia (pre- & post-Soviet Union)    9. Russia    10. Ukraine   

Reviews (2)

moving.
This book will change the way you think about radiation, world news, and the beauty of life.

EXTREMELY POWERFUL !!!!
This book is an incredible testimonial of an accident that I seemed to have forgotten about. It put it right back in my face. The combination of the photographs and essays leaves no doubt about how dangerous nuclear power is, how little we know about, what happened in 1986 and what the REAL consequences of a nuclear accident are. NOW.Read more

Subjects:  1. Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Ch    2. Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Chornobyl§, Ukraine, 1986    3. General    4. Photo Essays    5. Photoessays & Documentaries    6. Photography    7. Photojournalism    8. Pictorial works    9. Subjects & Themes - Travel - World/Europe    10. Former Soviet Union, USSR (Europe)    11. History / General    12. Nuclear weapons    13. Photographic reportage   

Reviews (1)

Details of Another Russian Tragedy
The actions of states against their own people or sub-cultures within their own or conquered country has been the cause of more deaths, pain, suffering than most wars. All the more tragic because the victums have been the weakest members of society: women, children, the elderly.
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Subjects:  1. 20th century    2. Anthropology - Cultural    3. Crimea    4. Crimean Tatars    5. Deportation    6. Europe - Former Soviet Republics    7. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    8. History    9. History - General History    10. Military    11. Military - World War II    12. Return migration    13. Ukraine    14. Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural   

Editorial Review

"The Crimean War," writes Robert Edgerton, "was a showcase for bad generalship, bureaucratic bungling, and inept medical care." Officers knowingly sent columns of soldiers to certain death, while diplomats ignored opportunities to make an honorable peace. The war cost more lives than any war in pre-20th-century history, with many times more men (and women) dead from illness, hunger, and cold than were killed in actual fighting. Yet for all its blood-soaked significance, the war remains little studied. Most of us can recall a catch phrase or two from Alfred Lord Tennyson's "Charge of the Light Brigade," but far fewer know the causes of the conflict, rooted in the great rivalry between England and Russia to control both the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.Read more

Reviews (3)

Fine Book.
Edgerton's book about the Crimean War does not just cover the battles.It covers the British society of that time who thought a war would be a fine thing because they hadn't had one in 40 years.It covers the stupidity ofthe British high command, both on the spot and in Britain, and thesuffering that this stupidity caused those fine British soldiers who didtheir duty.Kipling would approve of this book.

Disasters of War
Death or Glory contained so many errors that I found it difficult to read. Edgerton's discussion of the Ottoman Turkish involvement in the war proved abysmal. He glossed over and distorted the accounts of British and Frenchofficers and soldiers who served in the Ottoman army. In addition, he paidno attention to Polish and Ottoman sources relating to the Ottoman part inthe war. Edgerton informs us that the staffs of the Bodleian Library,Oxford and the Public Record Office translated all works in French andother languages for him. Since he could not read in French himself, hemissed many crucial points. Distressingly, Edgerton has misunderstoodVictorian English. William Howard Russell's "rapine" [meaningpillaging, looting] at Kertch became "rape" for Edgerton - afabulous misinterpretation that led to the incorrect conclusion that alliedtroops raped innumerable women. On another occasion, Edgerton totallydismissed the major scandals surrounding the Ottoman Turkish generals atKars in 1855 - publicized at great length in published English sources byLake, Williams, and Sandwith - with the facile comment that the OttomanTurkish general was only too glad to turn command of the Ottoman Turkisharmy over to General Williams. It didn't quite happen that way! By far theworst conclusion in this book was Edgerton's unwillingness to findpost-traumatic stress disorder in the various letters, diaries, and memoirsof soldiers in the war! He simply did not look. Perhaps his inability tounderstand Victorian English prevented him. Death or Glory is a HUGEdisappointment. Anyone attempting to find out about the war's realitieswill merely end in unknowing and confusion.

Not your typical military history book!
Robert Egerton did a wonderful job of expressing what it was like for soldier and civilians who lived (and died) during the Crimean War. Thehardships that the soldiers, sailors and civilians endured was trulyamazing! Mr. Egerton's description and antedotes really drove this home. Imust admit that the book would have been more enjoyable if I had had anyknowledge of the Crimean War before I read the book. My ignorance made thebattle references somewhat hard to follow. I highly recommend this book. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Crimean War, 1853-1856    2. Eastern Europe    3. Europe - General    4. History    5. History - Military / War    6. Military    7. Military - General    8. Military - Other    9. Military History - Modern    10. European history: c 1750 to c 1900    11. Ukraine    12. War & defence operations    13. c 1800 to c 1900   

Reviews (1)

A scholarly study of Centuries old Ukrainian Icons
Very dry but informative with lots of references to other books.Read more

Subjects:  1. 17th century    2. 18th century    3. Art    4. Art & Art Instruction    5. Cossacks    6. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    7. Government relations    8. Icons, Cossack    9. Subjects & Themes - Religious    10. Techniques - Painting    11. Ukraine    12. Art / Religious    13. European history: c 1500 to c 1750    14. Religious subjects depicted in art   

Reviews (1)

Excellent study
The title of this book comes from Avot 3:2, in which the deputy high priest said, "Pray for the welfare of the government, for were it not for the fear of it, people would swallow each other alive." Indeed, during the chaotic period covered in this excellent study, that is precisely what happened. For the government dissolved, several times over, and the Jewish people were swallowed.
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Subjects:  1. 20th century    2. Europe - Russia & the Former Soviet Union    3. History    4. History - General History    5. History: American    6. Jewish - General    7. Jews    8. Pogroms    9. Politics and government    10. Ukraine    11. European history (ie other than Britain & Ireland)    12. First World War, 1914-1918    13. History / Former Soviet Republics    14. Inter-war period, 1918-1939    15. Jewish studies    16. World history: from c 1900 -